A comprehensive intelligence platform analysing 214 coordinated inauthentic behaviour and adversarial threat operations identified by Meta across 70 countries, spanning April 2018 to Q4 2025.
This dashboard aggregates and analyses 214 coordinated inauthentic behaviour (CIB) and adversarial threat operations identified and enforced by Meta/Facebook between April 2018 and Q4 2025, extracted from 71 official transparency reports.
It tracks the origin countries, target audiences, attributed entities, tactics (TTPs), and confirmed advertising spend for each operation — providing a structured, searchable view of the global information operations landscape as disclosed by Meta.
Data sources: Meta Newsroom CIB Reports (2018-2022) · Quarterly Adversarial Threat Reports (2022-2026) · 156/214 operations with confirmed spend totalling 22.7M+ USD across 70 origin countries.
| Period | Type | Origin | Target | Entity / Attribution | Themes | TTPs | Spend | 📄 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 2018 | FGI | Russia | Russia / Ukraine / Baltics / Central Asia / Caucasus | Internet Research Agency (IRA) | Domestic/international politics, Russian culture, anti-NATO, anti-corruption | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T24 T25 T26 T29 | ~$167,000 | 📄 |
| Jul 2018 | FGI | Russia | United States | Unknown (IRA-linked bad actors) | US politics, racial tensions, counter-protests (Aztlan Warriors, Black Elevation, Resisters) | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T22 T26 T29 | ~$11,000 | 📄 |
| Aug 2018 | FGI | Iran | Middle East / Latin America / UK / US | Liberty Front Press / Press TV (Iranian state media) | Anti-Western, pro-Iran, political content in multiple countries | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T21 T26 T28 T29 | >$6,000 | 📄 |
| Aug 2018 | FGI | Myanmar | Myanmar | Myanmar military (Tatmadaw) | News, entertainment, beauty pages concealing military propaganda | T01 T02 T05 T16 T20 T21 T25 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Aug 2018 | FGI | Myanmar | Myanmar | Myanmar military (Oct 2018 additional takedown) | Military propaganda via beauty and entertainment pages | T01 T02 T05 T16 T20 T21 T25 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Oct 2018 | FGI | Iran | United States / United Kingdom | Iranian state actors | US midterm elections, race relations, immigration, anti-Trump/pro-Trump | T01 T02 T05 T14 T16 T20 T21 T22 T26 T29 | <$100 | 📄 |
| Nov 2018 | FGI | Iran | United States / France | Iranian state actors (FBI-tipped, follow-on) | US politics, celebrities, French patriotism, immigration, feminism, anti-Macron | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T22 T26 T29 | ~$4,500 | 📄 |
| Dec 2018 | CIB | Bangladesh | Bangladesh | Bangladesh government-linked individuals | Pro-government, anti-opposition, fake news outlets | T01 T02 T08 T14 T25 T29 | ~$800 | 📄 |
| Jan 2019 | FGI | Russia | Baltics / Central Asia / Caucasus / Eastern Europe | Sputnik (Moscow news agency) | Anti-NATO, protests, anti-corruption, independent news facade | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T21 T24 T26 T28 | ~$135,000 | 📄 |
| Jan 2019 | FGI | Russia | Ukraine | Unknown (Russia-based, linked to prior IRA enforcement) | Eastern Ukraine conflict, Russian politics, European news | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T26 T29 | ~$1 | 📄 |
| Feb 2019 | FGI | Iran | Global (Middle East / South Asia / Africa / Americas) | Iranian state media network | Iran state media repurposing, Israel-Palestine, Syria/Yemen conflicts, sanctions, Indian politics | T01 T02 T04 T14 T16 T20 T21 T26 T29 | <$30,000 | 📄 |
| Feb 2019 | CIB | Moldova | Moldova | Moldovan government employees | Local news, Russian/English language policy, Romania reunification, elections | T01 T02 T04 T08 T14 T16 T20 T25 T29 | <$20,000 | 📄 |
| Mar 2019 | FGI | Iran | Egypt / India / Indonesia / Israel / Italy / Kazakhstan / Middle East / N. Africa | Iranian state network (follow-on from Jan 2019) | Anti-Iran sanctions, India-Pakistan tensions, terrorism, Israel-Palestine, Islamic issues | T01 T02 T14 T16 T19 T20 T21 T26 T29 | ~$15,000 | 📄 |
| Mar 2019 | FGI | Russia | Macedonia / Kosovo | Unknown (Russia-linked) | Balkan politics, domestic affairs | T01 T02 T16 T19 T20 T26 | -- | 📄 |
| Mar 2019 | CIB | United Kingdom | United Kingdom | UK-based domestic network | Far-right/anti-far-right, immigration, free speech, racism, LGBT, India-Pakistan, Islam/Christianity | T01 T02 T14 T16 T19 T20 T22 T25 | ~$1,500 | 📄 |
| Mar 2019 | CIB | Romania | Romania | Unknown (Romania-based domestic network) | Romanian domestic politics | T01 T02 T16 T19 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Mar 2019 | CIB | Philippines | Philippines | Twinmark Media Enterprises -- now banned | Fake accounts, ad farms, selling Page access, mass distribution | T01 T02 T16 T19 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Mar 2019 | CIB | Philippines | Philippines | Nic Gabunada network | Elections, candidate views, political opponents, controversial events | T01 T02 T14 T16 T19 T20 T25 | ~$59,000 | 📄 |
| Mar 2019 | CIB | Spain | Spain | Individuals linked to Partido Popular | Elections, national politics, criticism of political opponents | T01 T02 T14 T16 T19 T20 T25 | ~$1,275 | 📄 |
| Apr 2019 | CIB | Pakistan | Pakistan / India | ISPR (Inter-Service Public Relations, Pakistani military) | Military fan pages, Kashmir, Indian government, political news | T01 T02 T14 T16 T19 T20 T21 T25 T29 | ~$1,100 | 📄 |
| Apr 2019 | CIB | India | India | IT Cell of Indian National Congress (INC) | Indian domestic politics | T01 T02 T16 T17 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Apr 2019 | CIB | India | India | Silver Touch IT firm | Indian domestic politics | T01 T02 T16 T17 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Apr 2019 | CIB | Indonesia | Indonesia | Domestic network (Saracen-linked) | Elections, political news, candidate views, alleged fraud | T01 T02 T14 T16 T17 T20 T25 | ~$4 | 📄 |
| Apr 2019 | CIB | Iraq | Iraq | Unknown (Iraq-based domestic network) | Domestic politics, religion, Saddam Hussein, Iran-backed militias, Kurdish politics | T01 T02 T14 T16 T17 T20 T25 | <$1,600 | 📄 |
| May 2019 | FGI | Israel | Nigeria / Senegal / Togo / Angola / Niger / Tunisia / Latin America / SE Asia | Archimedes Group (Israeli commercial entity) -- now banned | Elections, candidate views, leaked information, fake local news | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T26 T30 | ~$812,000 | 📄 |
| May 2019 | FGI | Iran | United States / North Africa (French-speaking) | Liberty Front Press network (follow-on from Aug 2018) | US politics, Israel, Palestine, Yemen, geopolitics | T01 T02 T08 T16 T20 T21 T26 | -- | 📄 |
| May 2019 | FGI | Russia | Ukraine | Unknown (Russia-based, follow-on enforcement) | Eastern Ukraine, Russian politics, European politics, Syria | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T26 | ~$1 | 📄 |
| May 2019 | FGI | Iran | US / Europe / Middle East | Iranian state actors (FireEye-tipped) | Public figures, US/UK politics, Islam, Arab minorities, Saudi Arabia, secessionist movements | T01 T02 T08 T16 T20 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Aug 2019 | FGI | UAE / Egypt | Middle East / North Africa (Libya, Sudan, Comoros, Qatar, Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Morocco) | New Waves (Egypt) / Newave (UAE) marketing firms | UAE promotion, Qatar/Turkey criticism, Yemen, elections, local news in targeted countries | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T21 T26 T28 T29 T30 | ~$167,000 | 📄 |
| Aug 2019 | FGI | China | Hong Kong | Chinese government-linked individuals | Hong Kong protests, local political news, anti-protest narratives | T01 T02 T16 T20 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Oct 2019 | FGI | UAE / Egypt | Middle East / Africa / Europe / S. Asia / E. Asia / Australia | Charles Communications (UAE) / MintReach (Nigeria) / Flexell (Egypt) | UAE promotion, Muslim Brotherhood criticism, Qatar/Turkey/Iran criticism, elections | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T26 | <$150,000 | 📄 |
| Oct 2019 | FGI | Myanmar | Myanmar | Myanmar military (Tatmadaw) | Crime, ethnic relations, celebrities, military -- repurposed news/entertainment | T01 T02 T04 T08 T14 T16 T21 T22 T25 T26 T29 | <$1,200 | 📄 |
| Oct 2019 | FGI | Russia | Madagascar / CAR / Mozambique / DRC / Côte d'Ivoire / Cameroon / Sudan / Libya | Prigozhin-linked entities (3 networks) | Russian policies in Africa, elections, anti-French criticism, local news | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T26 | ~$77,000 | 📄 |
| Nov 2019 | FGI | Thailand | Thailand / United States | Individual linked to New Eastern Outlook (Russian govt-funded journal, Moscow) | Thai politics, US-China relations, Hong Kong protests, anti-democracy criticism | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T26 | <$18,000 | 📄 |
| Dec 2019 | CIB | Georgia | Georgia | Panda (advertising agency) / Georgian Dream government -- now banned | Elections, government policies, opposition criticism, activist organizations | T01 T02 T05 T08 T14 T16 T20 T25 T30 | <$316,000 | 📄 |
| Dec 2019 | FGI | Vietnam / United States | United States / Vietnam / Spanish/Chinese-speaking global | Unknown (Vietnam and US-based) | US domestic audiences, Vietnamese and Chinese-language content | T01 T02 T16 T25 T26 | -- | 📄 |
| Feb 2020 | FGI | India | Gulf/US/UK/Canada | aRep Global (marketing firm) | Gulf politics, anti-Qatar, pro-Saudi/UAE | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T26 T29 T30 | <$450 | 📄 |
| Feb 2020 | FGI | Egypt | Middle East/N. Africa | New Waves & Flexell (marketing firms) | Yemen conflict, UAE/Saudi praise, anti-Iran/Turkey | T01 T02 T14 T16 T21 T26 T29 T30 | <$48,500 | 📄 |
| Feb 2020 | FGI | Russia | Ukraine/Eastern Europe | Russian military intelligence services | Anti-Ukraine, pro-Kremlin, Ukraine conflict | T01 T02 T16 T20 T21 T22 T26 T28 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Feb 2020 | FGI | Iran | United States | Iranian state actors | US domestic politics, anti-Trump | T01 T02 T08 T16 T20 T21 T26 T29 T30 | -- | 📄 |
| Feb 2020 | FGI | Myanmar | Myanmar | Mytel/Viettel/Gapit Communications | Myanmar domestic politics, anti-opposition | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T26 T29 T30 | ~$1,155,000 | 📄 |
| Mar 2020 | CIB | France | France | Individuals (Sete region, France) | Municipal elections, immigration, pro-specific candidates | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T18 T19 T20 T22 T25 | ~$11 | 📄 |
| Mar 2020 | FGI | Egypt | Arabic-speaking / MENA | Maat (marketing firm, Egypt) | Libya/Yemen war, anti-Iran/Qatar/Turkey, pro-Egypt/Saudi | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T18 T19 T20 T22 T26 T30 | ~$930 | 📄 |
| Mar 2020 | FGI | Russia | United States | Russian IRA via EBLA NGO (Ghana/Nigeria) | US 2020 election, racial tensions, COVID | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T18 T19 T20 T22 T23 T26 T29 | <$5 | 📄 |
| Apr 2020 | FGI | Russia | Global (multi-regional) | NewsFront / SouthFront (Crimea media) | Pro-Russia geopolitics, COVID, anti-Western | T01 T02 T05 T14 T16 T20 T21 T23 T25 T26 T32 | ~$3,150 | 📄 |
| Apr 2020 | FGI | Iran | Africa / Asia / US / UK | IRIB (Iran Broadcasting Corp) | Anti-West, pro-Iran ideology, COVID narratives | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T23 T25 T26 T29 T32 | ~$1,600 | 📄 |
| Apr 2020 | CIB | United States | United States | QAnon network | QAnon conspiracy theories, 2020 US election | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T22 T25 T29 | <$1 | 📄 |
| Apr 2020 | CIB | United States | United States | VDARE / The Unz Review | Anti-immigration, far-right content | T01 T02 T04 T08 T14 T16 T20 T21 T22 T25 T29 | ~$114,000 | 📄 |
| Apr 2020 | CIB | Mauritania | Mauritania | Unknown | Mauritanian domestic politics | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T23 T25 T32 | ~$190 | 📄 |
| Apr 2020 | CIB | Myanmar | Myanmar | Myanmar Police Force | Myanmar domestic security, anti-protest | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T29 T30 T31 | ~$20 | 📄 |
| Apr 2020 | CIB | Georgia | Georgia | Espersona (media firm) -- now banned | Georgian domestic politics, pro-ruling party | T01 T02 T05 T14 T16 T20 T25 T29 T30 T31 | ~$30,000 | 📄 |
| Apr 2020 | CIB | Georgia | Georgia | United National Movement (political party) | Georgian opposition politics | T01 T02 T08 T13 T14 T16 T20 T23 T25 T28 T31 | ~$23,800 | 📄 |
| May 2020 | FGI | Tunisia | Francophone Africa | Ureputation (PR firm, Tunisia) | African domestic politics, fake news entities | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T25 T26 T29 T30 | ~$331,000 | 📄 |
| May 2020 | CIB | Iraq | Iraq (Kurdistan region) | Zanyari Agency (KRG intelligence service) | Kurdish Regional Government, anti-opposition | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T25 T27 T29 | ~$270,000 | 📄 |
| Jul 2020 | FGI | Romania | United States | Unknown (Romania-based) | US 2020 election, Trump fan pages, QAnon, conservative/Christian content, African-American support for Trump | T01 T02 T08 T16 T20 T26 T28 | -- | 📄 |
| Jul 2020 | FGI | Global | English/Chinese audiences globally, Vietnam | Truth Media (digital media outlet) -- now banned | Hong Kong protests, Falun Gong, CCP criticism, US protests, COVID-19, Epoch Times/NTD content | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T23 T25 T26 T28 T31 | ~$216,000 | 📄 |
| Jul 2020 | FGI | Iraq | Iraq | Al-Rafidain International Center for Justice and Human Rights (Switzerland-based NGO) + individuals in Iraq | Western Iraq and Baghdad local news, praise of Iraqi protests, criticism of Iranian government proxies in Iraq | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T25 T26 T28 T29 T31 | ~$7,600 | 📄 |
| Jul 2020 | CIB | DR Congo | DR Congo | Force des Patriotes (political party, DRC) | Congolese domestic politics, UDPS opposition, government officials, COVID-19 audience-building | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T23 T25 T30 T31 | ~$29,000 | 📄 |
| Jul 2020 | CIB | Yemen | Yemen | Unknown (Yemen-based) | Yemeni domestic politics, praise of former PM, criticism of UAE / Southern Transitional Council / Houthis | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T23 T25 | ~$700 | 📄 |
| Jul 2020 | FGI | Canada / Ecuador | El Salvador, Argentina, Uruguay, Venezuela, Ecuador, Chile | Estraterra (Canada-based PR firm) + political consultants and former govt employees in Ecuador -- now banned | Latin American elections and politics, Venezuela govt, Ecuador president, Farabundo Martí/Peronist/Progressive parties | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T26 T28 T30 | ~$1,380,000 | 📄 |
| Jul 2020 | CIB | Brazil | Brazil | Employees of offices of Jair Bolsonaro, Eduardo Bolsonaro, Flavio Bolsonaro, Anderson Moraes, Alana Passos (Social Liberal Party) | Brazilian domestic politics, elections, media criticism, anti-opposition, COVID-19 misinformation | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T23 T25 | ~$1,500 | 📄 |
| Jul 2020 | CIB | Ukraine | Ukraine | Postmen DA (advertising agency, Ukraine) | 2019 Ukrainian presidential and parliamentary elections, Crimea, NATO, economic policies, Zelensky / Tymoshenko / Poroshenko content | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T24 T25 T30 | ~$1,910,000 | 📄 |
| Jul 2020 | CIB | United States | United States | Roger Stone and associates (linked to Proud Boys) | Florida local politics, Roger Stone, 2016 US election, Wikileaks hacked materials, Proud Boys | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T23 T25 | <$308,000 | 📄 |
| Aug 2020 | FGI | Russia | US / UK / Algeria / Egypt | Russian IRA (Internet Research Agency) | US/UK elections, racial tensions, anti-Biden/Trump, COVID | T01 T02 T08 T14 T18 T20 T22 T23 T25 T26 T29 | ~$480 | 📄 |
| Aug 2020 | FGI | United States | Venezuela / Mexico / Bolivia | CLS Strategies (US PR firm) -- now banned | Latin American politics, anti-left governments | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T26 T30 | ~$3,600,000 | 📄 |
| Aug 2020 | CIB | Pakistan | Pakistan / India | Unknown (Pakistan-based) | Pakistan-India tensions, domestic politics | T01 T02 T08 T18 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Sep 2020 | CIB | Russia | Russia | United Russia party | Russian domestic politics, Navalny protests, anti-opposition | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T29 | ~$5,000 | 📄 |
| Sep 2020 | FGI | Russia | Syria / Ukraine / Turkey / Japan | Russian military intelligence (GRU) | Syria/Ukraine conflict, pro-Kremlin foreign policy | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T26 T29 | ~$60 | 📄 |
| Sep 2020 | FGI | Russia | Turkey / Europe / US | Russian IRA | Anti-Western narratives, pro-Russia | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T26 T29 | ~$4,800 | 📄 |
| Sep 2020 | FGI | Russia | Global / Belarus | Russian intelligence services | Belarus crisis, pro-Kremlin geopolitics | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T21 T26 T29 | ~$13,000 | 📄 |
| Sep 2020 | FGI | China | Philippines / Southeast Asia / US | Individuals in Fujian province, China | Philippines domestic politics, South China Sea | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T26 T29 | ~$60 | 📄 |
| Sep 2020 | FGI | Philippines | Philippines | Unknown (Philippines-based, links to military/police) | Philippine domestic politics | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T26 T29 | ~$1,300 | 📄 |
| Oct 2020 | FGI | Iran | Israel / Iraq | EITRC (Tehran IT company) | Anti-Israel, Iran-Iraq Shia politics | T01 T02 T08 T16 T20 T25 T26 | -- | 📄 |
| Oct 2020 | FGI | Iran | Afghanistan (Farsi/Dari audiences) | Individuals in Iran / Afghanistan | Pro-Iran influence in Afghanistan | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T26 T29 | <$30 | 📄 |
| Oct 2020 | FGI | Egypt | Egypt/Libya/Tunisia/Yemen/Somalia | Muslim Brotherhood affiliates (Egypt/Turkey/Morocco) | Islamist politics, MENA region | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T26 | <$219,000 | 📄 |
| Oct 2020 | CIB | Georgia | Georgia | Alt-Info (media entity) -- now banned | Georgian far-right, anti-EU, pro-Russia | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T25 T30 | <$5,000 | 📄 |
| Oct 2020 | CIB | Georgia | Georgia | Alliance of Patriots / Georgian Choice parties | Georgian opposition parties, anti-EU | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 | ~$4,600 | 📄 |
| Oct 2020 | CIB | Myanmar | Myanmar | Openmind (PR agency, Myanmar) | Myanmar election Nov 2020, pro-military | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T29 T30 T31 | <$76,000 | 📄 |
| Oct 2020 | CIB | Ukraine | Ukraine | MAS Agency / Batkivshchyna party (Tymoshenko) | Ukrainian election, pro-Tymoshenko | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T30 T31 | ~$2,100,000 | 📄 |
| Oct 2020 | FGI | Mexico | United States | Unknown (Mexico/Venezuela-based) | US 2020 election interference | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T26 | <$2 | 📄 |
| Oct 2020 | FGI | Iran | US / Israel | Iranian government actors | Anti-US/Israel, Iranian influence operations | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T26 T29 | <$1 | 📄 |
| Oct 2020 | CIB | Myanmar | Myanmar | Unknown (Myanmar-based) | Myanmar election Nov 2020 | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 | ~$1,750 | 📄 |
| Oct 2020 | CIB | United States | US / Kenya / Botswana | Rally Forge / Turning Point USA -- now banned | US far-right, Turning Point USA, GOP | T01 T02 T05 T14 T16 T19 T20 T25 T28 T30 | ~$1,150,000 | 📄 |
| Oct 2020 | CIB | Azerbaijan | Azerbaijan / Armenia | Youth Union of New Azerbaijani Party | Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, pro-Azerbaijan | T01 T02 T04 T09 T14 T15 T16 T19 T20 T21 T25 T29 | ~$6,600 | 📄 |
| Oct 2020 | CIB | Nigeria | Nigeria | Islamic Movement in Nigeria | Nigerian domestic politics, Islamic Movement | T01 T02 T04 T09 T14 T16 T19 T20 T23 T25 | ~$50 | 📄 |
| Oct 2020 | CIB | Myanmar | Myanmar | Unknown (Myanmar-based) | Myanmar election, domestic politics | T01 T02 T16 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Dec 2020 | CIB | Ukraine | Ukraine | Unknown | Ukrainian domestic politics | T01 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Dec 2020 | FGI | Iran | Global | Unknown | Anti-Western, pro-Iran | T01 T02 T16 T21 T26 | -- | 📄 |
| Dec 2020 | FGI | Russia | Global | Unknown | Pro-Russia narratives | T01 T26 | -- | 📄 |
| Dec 2020 | CIB | France | France | Unknown | French domestic politics | T01 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Dec 2020 | CIB | Brazil | Brazil | Unknown | Brazilian domestic politics | T01 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Dec 2020 | CIB | Morocco | Morocco | Unknown | Moroccan domestic politics | T01 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Dec 2020 | CIB | Pakistan | Pakistan | Unknown | Pakistan domestic politics | T01 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Dec 2020 | CIB | Indonesia | Indonesia | Unknown | Indonesian domestic politics | T01 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Dec 2020 | CIB | Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan | Unknown | Central Asian domestic politics | T01 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Dec 2020 | CIB | Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyzstan | Unknown | Central Asian domestic politics | T01 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Dec 2020 | CIB | Argentina | Argentina | Unknown | Argentine domestic politics | T01 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Jan 2021 | FGI | Uganda | Uganda | Uganda Govt Citizens Interaction Center (MCIT) | Pro-NRM/Museveni, anti-opposition, Uganda election 2021 | T01 T02 T05 T14 T20 T25 T26 | ~$5,000 | 📄 |
| Jan 2021 | CIB | Palestine | Palestine | Orientation Media (Belgium) + Palestine/UAE individuals | Palestinian domestic politics | T01 T02 T14 T20 T25 | ~$1,100 | 📄 |
| Feb 2021 | FGI | Thailand | Thailand (S. provinces) | Thai Military ISOC | Southern Thailand insurgency, pro-military narratives | T01 T02 T14 T16 T17 T20 T21 T24 T25 T26 T29 | ~$350 | 📄 |
| Feb 2021 | FGI | Iran | Iraq / Israel / UK / Afghanistan | Individuals in Tehran | Pro-Iran, anti-Israel, Iraqi Shia militia support | T01 T02 T16 T20 T21 T24 T25 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Feb 2021 | FGI | Iran | Iran / Lebanon / Iraq / UAE | Iranian state actors | Pro-Iran ideology, regional influence | T01 T02 T16 T17 T20 T21 T24 T25 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Feb 2021 | CIB | Morocco | Morocco | Unknown | Moroccan domestic politics | T01 T02 T16 T17 T20 T21 T24 T25 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Feb 2021 | CIB | Russia | Russia | Unknown (automated hashtag flooding) | Navalny protests, hashtag flooding (#Navalny) | T01 T02 T16 T17 T20 T21 T24 T25 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Mar 2021 | FGI | Albania | Global / Anti-Iran regime | MEK (Mojahedin-e Khalq, Iranian exile group) | Anti-Iranian regime, regime-change advocacy | T01 T02 T14 T19 T26 T29 | ~$176,000 | 📄 |
| Mar 2021 | FGI | Iran | Global | Iranian state actors | Pro-Iran, anti-Western | T01 T04 T08 T11 T14 T19 T21 T26 T29 | ~$900 | 📄 |
| Mar 2021 | FGI | Spain | El Salvador | Unknown (Spain / El Salvador-based) | El Salvador election, anti-Henry Flores, municipal politics | T01 T14 T19 T20 T26 | ~$525,000 | 📄 |
| Mar 2021 | CIB | Palestine | Israel / Palestine | Unknown | Israeli elections, anti-Netanyahu, Black Flags movement | T01 T14 T19 T20 T25 | ~$150 | 📄 |
| Mar 2021 | CIB | Mexico | Mexico | Unknown (Mexico-based) | Mexican election 2021, state-level politics | T01 T14 T19 T20 T25 | ~$4,100 | 📄 |
| Mar 2021 | CIB | Mexico | Mexico | Unknown (Mexico-based) | Mexican election 2021 | T01 T14 T19 T20 T25 | ~$14,000 | 📄 |
| Mar 2021 | CIB | Mexico | Mexico | Unknown (Mexico-based) | Mexican election 2021 | T01 T14 T19 T20 T25 | ~$300 | 📄 |
| Mar 2021 | CIB | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown (7 further networks in encoded PDF) | T01 T19 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Mar 2021 | CIB | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown (7 further networks in encoded PDF) | T01 T19 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Mar 2021 | CIB | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown (7 further networks in encoded PDF) | T01 T14 T19 T25 | <$4,000 / ~$1,000 | 📄 |
| Apr 2021 | CIB | Palestine | Palestine / Lebanon / Turkey / Syria | Fatah (Palestinian political party) | Palestinian election, pro-Fatah, anti-Hamas | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T29 T31 | ~$336,000 | 📄 |
| Apr 2021 | FGI | Azerbaijan | Azerbaijan / Armenia | Azerbaijan Defense Ministry | Post-Nagorno-Karabakh, pro-Azerbaijan nationalism | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T26 T29 | <$15,500 | 📄 |
| Apr 2021 | CIB | Central African Republic | CAR | ANA NGO (CAR) -- now banned | CAR domestic politics, pro-government | T01 T02 T14 T20 T25 | ~$11,000 | 📄 |
| Apr 2021 | CIB | Mexico | Mexico (San Luis Potosi) | Xavier Nava / Octavio Pedroza campaigns | Mexican election June 2021, state politics | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 | ~$7,000 | 📄 |
| Apr 2021 | CIB | Mexico | Mexico (Yucatan) | Julián Zacarías / Sombrero Blanco PR firm | Mexican election June 2021, Yucatan state | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T30 | ~$515,000 | 📄 |
| Apr 2021 | CIB | Peru | Peru | Unknown (Peru-based advertising firm) | Peruvian election June 2021 | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 | ~$3,000 | 📄 |
| Apr 2021 | CIB | Peru | Peru | Unknown (Peru-based) | Peruvian election June 2021 | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 | ~$2,200 | 📄 |
| Apr 2021 | CIB | Ukraine | Ukraine | Unknown (Ukraine-based) | Ukrainian domestic politics | T01 T02 T05 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T30 | ~$496,000 | 📄 |
| Apr 2021 | CIB | Ukraine | Ukraine | Sluha Narodu (Servant of the People party) | Ukrainian domestic politics, pro-Zelensky | T01 T02 T05 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T30 | ~$210,000 | 📄 |
| May 2021 | FGI | Russia | Africa / Global | Unknown (Russia/Sudan-based) | African disinformation, pro-Russia narratives | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T26 | ~$500 | 📄 |
| May 2021 | CIB | Pakistan | Pakistan / India | AlphaPro (Pakistan-based PR firm) | Pakistan-India tensions, domestic politics | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T30 | ~$40,000 | 📄 |
| Jun 2021 | FGI | Iraq | Iraq | Al-Maaref Radio (Iraq) / Alborz Analysis (Tehran) | Pro-Iran, pro-PMF, anti-Saudi/US/Israel in Iraq | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T24 T25 T26 T29 | <$12,000 | 📄 |
| Jun 2021 | FGI | Jordan | Jordan | Jordanian military-linked individuals | Jordanian domestic politics, pro-monarchy | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T24 T25 T26 T29 | ~$26,500 | 📄 |
| Jun 2021 | CIB | Algeria | Algeria | Individuals linked to Algerian presidential campaign | Algerian election, pro-government | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T24 T25 T29 | ~$5,500 | 📄 |
| Jun 2021 | CIB | Sudan | Sudan | Future Movement for Reform and Development | Sudanese domestic politics | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T24 T25 | ~$700 | 📄 |
| Jun 2021 | CIB | Mexico | Mexico (Campeche state) | Worgcorp (political strategy/PR firm, Mexico) | Mexican election June 2021, Campeche | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T30 | ~$315,000 | 📄 |
| Jun 2021 | CIB | Mexico | Mexico (Nayarit/Sinaloa) | Global Consultoria / Pro Publicity (Mexico PR firms) | Mexican election June 2021 | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T24 T25 T30 | ~$128,000 | 📄 |
| Jun 2021 | CIB | Mexico | Mexico (San Luis Potosi) | Ricardo Gallardo Cardona political campaign | Mexican election June 2021, SLP | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T24 T25 | ~$26,000 | 📄 |
| Jun 2021 | FGI | Ethiopia | Ethiopia | INSA (Information Network Security Agency, Ethiopia) | Ethiopian civil war, Tigray conflict, pro-government | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T26 T29 | ~$7,200 | 📄 |
| Jul 2021 | FGI | Myanmar | Myanmar | Myanmar military (Tatmadaw) | Post-coup Myanmar, pro-military, anti-democracy protesters | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T26 T29 | ~$650 | 📄 |
| Jul 2021 | FGI | Russia | India / Latin America / US | Fazze (Russia-linked marketing firm) -- now banned | COVID vaccine disinformation, anti-Pfizer/AstraZeneca | T01 T02 T14 T16 T21 T23 T26 T29 T30 | ~$200 | 📄 |
| Nov 2021* | CIB | Palestine | Palestine / Egypt / Israel | Hamas | Palestinian resistance, pro-Hamas, Gaza Strip politics | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T29 | ~$21,000 | 📄 |
| Nov 2021* | CIB | Poland | Belarus / Iraq | Unknown (Poland-based) | Belarus border/migrant crisis, Poland-Belarus tensions | T01 T02 T14 T16 T23 T25 T28 | <$5,000 | 📄 |
| Nov 2021* | FGI | Belarus | Middle East / Europe | Belarusian KGB | Belarus border crisis, weaponised migration narratives | T01 T02 T08 T16 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Nov 2021* | FGI | China | US / UK / Taiwan / HK / Tibet | Sichuan Silence IT Co. / Chinese state infrastructure | COVID origin narratives, pro-CCP, anti-Tibet/HK/Taiwan | T01 T02 T16 T23 T26 T28 | -- | 📄 |
| Dec 2021 | CIB | Iran | UK (Scotland) | Individuals in Iran (English-teaching background) | Scottish independence, anti-UK government, pro-Scotland | T01 T02 T08 T16 T20 T25 T30 | -- | 📄 |
| Dec 2021 | CIB | Mexico | Honduras/Ecuador/El Salvador/DR/Mexico | Wish Win (PR firm, Mexico) | Latin American domestic politics, multi-country | T01 T02 T08 T09 T14 T16 T20 T25 T29 T30 | ~$285,000 | 📄 |
| Dec 2021 | CIB | Turkey | Libya | Muslim Brotherhood / Libya Justice & Construction Party | Libyan civil conflict, pro-Turkey/MB influence | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 | ~$59,000 | 📄 |
| Jan 2022 | FGI | Russia | Nigeria/Cameroon/Gambia/Zimbabwe/Congo | Russian IRA (Saint Petersburg) | African media manipulation, tricking journalists | T01 T18 T20 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Sep 2022 | FGI | China | US / Czech Republic / Global | Unknown (China-based) | US political polarisation, anti-Czech/NATO, COVID | T01 T08 T09 T10 T16 T20 T21 T23 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Sep 2022 | FGI | Russia | Germany / France / Italy / Ukraine / UK | Russia (Prigozhin-linked actors) | Ukraine war, anti-Ukraine, pro-Russia, Wagner Group | T01 T02 T14 T26 T29 | ~$105,000 | 📄 |
| Q4 2022 | FGI | Serbia | Serbia | Serbian Progressive Party 'Internet Team' + state employees | Pro-Vucic/SNS, election manipulation, domestic | T01 T05 T14 T20 T21 T25 T26 T29 T32 | ~$100 | 📄 |
| Q4 2022 | FGI | Cuba | Cuba / Cuban diaspora | Cuban government | Pro-Castro regime, anti-opposition, diaspora suppression | T01 T08 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T26 T27 T29 T31 | ~$100 | 📄 |
| Q4 2022 | FGI | Bolivia | Bolivia | MAS party / 'Guerreros Digitales' | Pro-Arce govt, mass reporting opponents, digital warriors | T01 T14 T20 T21 T25 T26 T31 T32 | >=$150,000 | 📄 |
| Apr 2022 | CIB | Brazil | Brazil (domestic) | Unknown -- links to individuals associated with the Brazilian Military | Environmental issues in Amazonia, deforestation narratives, anti-NGO commentary, COVID-19, social/political memes | T01 T02 T08 T09 T14 T17 T20 T21 T23 T25 T29 T32 | ~$34 | 📄 |
| Apr 2022 | CIB | Costa Rica / El Salvador | Costa Rica, El Salvador (domestic) | Noelix Media (PR firm, offices in Costa Rica and El Salvador) | News and current events in Central America, both-sides political commentary, telecom promotion | T01 T14 T20 T25 T29 T30 T32 | ~$128,000 | 📄 |
| Apr 2022 | FGI | Russia / Ukraine (Donbas) | Ukraine | Unknown -- links to NewsFront and SouthFront | West betraying Ukraine, Ukraine as failed state, pro-separatist narratives | T01 T05 T14 T21 T26 T29 T32 | ~$200 | 📄 |
| Apr 2022 | FGI | Russia (Saint Petersburg) | Nigeria, Cameroon, Gambia, Zimbabwe, Congo | Unknown -- links to past IRA activity | African politics, criticism of French influence in Africa, Arabic-language outreach | T01 T05 T20 T26 T29 T32 | -- | 📄 |
| Aug 2022 | CIB | Malaysia | Malaysia | Royal Malaysia Police | Pro-government coalition memes, criticism of opposition, police promotion, troll farm | T01 T02 T03 T09 T14 T16 T22 T25 T29 | ~$6,000 | 📄 |
| Aug 2022 | FGI | Israel | Angola, Nigeria, Gaza (Palestine) | Mind Force (PR firm, Israel) | Pro-Angola government, support for Nigerian political candidate, criticism of Hamas in Gaza; fictitious NGOs and media brands | T01 T02 T14 T16 T17 T18 T19 T20 T21 T26 T29 T30 | ~$12,000 | 📄 |
| Aug 2022 | FGI | Russia (St. Petersburg) | Global (pro-Ukraine voices, politicians, journalists) | Cyber Front Z -- links to IRA | Pro-Russia invasion of Ukraine commentary, flooding pro-Ukraine posts; troll farm | T01 T14 T16 T17 T21 T26 T29 T32 | ~$1,400 | 📄 |
| Nov 2022 | CIB | United States | Afghanistan, Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Somalia, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Yemen | Unknown -- links to US military | Pro-US military cooperation, criticism of Iran/China/Russia, sports and culture, COVID-19 | T01 T02 T14 T21 T23 T25 T29 | ~$2,500 | 📄 |
| Nov 2022 | FGI | China | United States, Czech Republic, global (French/Chinese-speaking) | Unknown (China-based) | US domestic politics (both sides), Czech foreign policy, anti-NATO/Ukraine narratives | T01 T02 T20 T21 T26 | -- | 📄 |
| Nov 2022 | FGI | Russia | Germany, France, Italy, Ukraine, United Kingdom | Structura National Technologies / Social Design Agency (Russia) | Spoofed European news outlets; criticism of Ukraine/Ukrainian refugees; pro-Russia; Western sanctions backfiring | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T26 | ~$105,000 | 📄 |
| Q4 2022 | CIB | Serbia | Serbia | Serbian Progressive Party Internet Team + state employees | Pro-government grassroots support for Vučić/SNS party, criticism of opposition | T01 T05 T14 T20 T21 T25 T29 T32 | At least $150,000 | 📄 |
| Q4 2022 | CIB | Cuba | Cuba / Cuban diaspora | Cuban government entities | Pro-government support, criticism of opposition and dissidents | T01 T05 T14 T21 T25 T29 T32 | ~$100 | 📄 |
| Q4 2022 | CIB | Bolivia | Bolivia | Bolivian government / MAS party / Guerreros Digitales | Pro-government commentary, mass reporting to silence opposition, fake news media brands | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T32 | At least $1.1M | 📄 |
| Q1 2023 | FGI | Iran | Israel, Bahrain, France | Unknown (Iran-based) -- hacktivist personas | Claims of hacking Israeli companies, government websites, and Charlie Hebdo; stolen data offers | T01 T05 T26 T29 T32 | -- | 📄 |
| Q1 2023 | FGI | China | India, Tibet region | Unknown (China-based) | Criticism of Indian government and military, questioning human rights abuses in Tibet, anti-Western narratives | T01 T05 T14 T21 T26 T29 T32 | ~$74,000 | 📄 |
| Q1 2023 | FGI | China | Taiwan, Sub-Saharan Africa, Japan, Central Asia, Uyghur diaspora | Xi'an Tianwendian Network Technology / London New Europe Media Ltd | Pro-China/Xinjiang, criticism of US foreign policy, anti-India/Japan content | T01 T02 T16 T26 T29 T32 | -- | 📄 |
| Q1 2023 | CIB | Venezuela / United States | Guatemala, Honduras | Predictvia (Florida firm, operating from Venezuela/US) | Criticism of Guatemala mayor, Honduran political corruption, support for Liberal Party of Honduras | T01 T02 T06 T08 T14 T16 T20 T21 T24 T25 T29 | ~$1,650 | 📄 |
| Q1 2023 | FGI | Togo / Burkina Faso | Burkina Faso | Groupe Panafricain pour le Commerce et l'Investissement (GPCI, Togo) | Pro-military ruler Captain Ibrahim Traoré, MPSR support, Francophone African politics | T01 T05 T14 T20 T21 T26 T29 T32 | ~$500 | 📄 |
| Q1 2023 | CIB | Georgia | Georgia | Strategic Communications Department, Government Administration of Georgia | Pro-Georgian government, criticism of opposition, response to 'foreign agents' law protests | T01 T05 T14 T25 T29 T32 | ~$33,500 | 📄 |
| Q2 2023 | FGI | Türkiye / Iran | Türkiye | Unknown -- links to network removed in 2018 | Pro-Iran and Palestine commentary; criticism of Israel, US, Turkish government, AKP | T01 T05 T14 T26 T29 | ~$670 | 📄 |
| Q2 2023 | CIB | Türkiye | Türkiye | Individuals associated with Turkuaz Gazetesi (online news outlet) | Pro-AKP commentary, criticism of opposition, domestic politics | T01 T05 T14 T20 T25 T29 | ~$21,000 | 📄 |
| Q2 2023 | CIB | Türkiye | Türkiye | VOMM Creative / Skala Medya / TMSC Media / Bin945 Creative Works (social media agencies) | Pro-AKP, criticism of opposition and EU/US, domestic politics | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T29 | ~$667,000 | 📄 |
| Q2 2023 | FGI | China | Taiwan, United States, Australia, United Kingdom, Japan, Chinese-speaking globally | Unknown -- links to Chinese law enforcement; 'Spamouflage' network | Pro-China/Xinjiang, criticism of US and Western foreign policy, criticism of Chinese government critics | T01 T05 T14 T17 T26 T29 | ~$3,500 | 📄 |
| Q3 2023 | FGI | China | India (Arunachal Pradesh), Tibet region, United States | Unknown (China-based) | Fictitious pro-independence personas attacking Dalai Lama; pro-Indian army content; US political content | T01 T20 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Q3 2023 | FGI | China | United States | Unknown (China-based) | US domestic politics (both sides), US-China relations, copy-pasted partisan content | T01 T17 T20 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Q3 2023 | FGI | Russia | Global English-speaking audiences | RT (Russian state media) -- employees | Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Ukrainians committing war crimes, 'russophobia', criticism of transgender rights, West Africa/Russia presence | T01 T05 T21 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Q4 2023 | FGI | China | United States | Unknown (China-based) -- links to Sep 2022 network | US military families/anti-war activists posing, criticism of US support for Taiwan and Israel, anti-Ukraine aid narratives | T01 T16 T17 T21 T26 T29 T32 | -- | 📄 |
| Q4 2023 | CIB | Myanmar | Myanmar | Unknown -- links to individuals associated with Myanmar military | Pro-Burmese army, criticism of ethnic armed organizations and minority groups, ethnic minority impersonation | T01 T02 T05 T08 T14 T21 T22 T25 T29 T32 | ~$60 | 📄 |
| Q4 2023 | CIB | Ukraine | Ukraine, Kazakhstan | Unknown (Ukraine-based) -- Viktor Razvadovskyi political operation | Support for Ukrainian politician Razvadovskyi; pro-government commentary in Kazakhstan | T01 T14 T16 T17 T20 T21 T25 T32 | ~$30,000 | 📄 |
| Q1 2024 | CIB | Bangladesh | Bangladesh | Awami League party / Center for Research and Information (CRI) | Criticism of BNP opposition, allegations of corruption and violence, pro-Awami League/incumbent government | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T24 T25 | ~$60 | 📄 |
| Q1 2024 | FGI | China | Global Sikh community (Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, UK, Nigeria) | Unknown (China-based) -- links to 2023 India/Tibet network | Fictitious pro-Sikh 'Operation K' movement, Khalistan independence, criticism of Indian government | T01 T05 T26 | -- | 📄 |
| Q1 2024 | CIB | Croatia | Croatia | Individuals associated with HDZ youth organization (Mladež HDZ) | Pro-HDZ party, criticism of Social Democratic opposition and President, Croatian elections | T01 T05 T20 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Q1 2024 | FGI | Iran | Israel | Unknown (Iran-based) | Posing as Israelis; pro/anti-Netanyahu content post-Oct 7; liberal Israeli and Haredi community personas; LGBTQ+ content | T01 T05 T08 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Q1 2024 | FGI | Israel | United States, Canada | STOIC (political marketing firm, Tel Aviv) | Israel-Hamas war, hostage release calls, pro-Israel military, criticism of campus antisemitism, UNRWA criticism | T01 T02 T07 T16 T20 T21 T22 T26 T29 T30 | -- | 📄 |
| Q1 2024 | FGI | Russia | Moldova, Madagascar | Unknown -- linked to Ilan Shor (sanctioned Moldovan politician) | Anti-EU integration, pro-Russia Gagauzia narratives in Moldova; pro-Randrianasoloniaiko in Madagascar | T01 T05 T14 T20 T21 T26 | ~$42,000 | 📄 |
| Q2 2024 | FGI | Russia | Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan | IMA Digital (Moscow marketing firm) | Pro-Georgian Dream ruling party, criticism of pro-EU protesters; pro-Russia commentary in Armenia/Azerbaijan | T01 T02 T06 T14 T16 T17 T20 T22 T26 T30 T31 | ~$77,000 | 📄 |
| Q2 2024 | FGI | Russia | Global (English/French-speaking), Francophone Africa | Unknown (Russia-based) -- fictitious outlet EuroTopNews | Undermining Western support for Ukraine; pro-Russia in Francophone Africa; AI-generated news summaries | T01 T05 T14 T26 | ~$2,800 | 📄 |
| Q2 2024 | FGI | Russia | Ukraine, Moldova, Ukrainian diaspora in Europe, France, Germany | Unknown -- links to IRA, Social Design Agency, NewsFront | Fictitious 'Ukrainian European Front'; calls for 2024 elections in Ukraine; criticism of Zelensky; real-world stunts | T01 T05 T14 T20 T26 T29 | ~$35,000 | 📄 |
| Q2 2024 | FGI | Russia | Ukraine, Poland, EU, United States | Ruposters (news aggregator, Moscow) | Undermining Ukraine, criticism of Western aid, impersonation of pro-Russia Western commentators | T01 T02 T08 T09 T14 T16 T20 T22 T26 | ~$41,000 | 📄 |
| Q2 2024 | FGI | Vietnam | Lebanon, United States, United Kingdom, France, Saudi Arabia, Qatar | LT Media (Vietnam-based firm) | Criticism of Qatar, Israel hostage crisis, Qatar-Iran alliance, anti-French secularism, Lebanese stability messaging | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T22 T25 T26 | ~$1.2M | 📄 |
| Q2 2024 | CIB | United States | United States | RT Group -- Patriots Run Project (PRP) | Anti-'uniparty' independent candidacies in key states, conservative electoral messaging, immigration | T01 T02 T05 T10 T14 T16 T20 T22 T25 | ~$50,000 | 📄 |
| Q3 2024 | FGI | Moldova (Transnistria) | Moldova (Russian-speaking audiences) | Unknown -- individuals from Russia/Moldova in Transnistria; links to Luhansk network | Anti-EU integration, pro-Russia parties, criticism of President Sandu, pro-Shor party narratives | T01 T05 T14 T20 T26 | ~$4,000 | 📄 |
| Q3 2024 | CIB | India | India | Unknown (India-based) | Elections, political parties, India's economic development; elaborate fictitious personas | T01 T05 T14 T20 T24 T25 | ~$9,900 | 📄 |
| Q3 2024 | CIB | India (Odisha) | India (Odisha region) | Unknown (India-based, Odisha) | Local elections, regional party candidates in Odisha | T01 T05 T14 T20 T25 | ~$20 | 📄 |
| Q3 2024 | FGI | Iran | Israel | Cotton Sandstorm (IRGC/Emennet Pasargad) -- hacktivist brands Zeus, CyberCourt, NetHunter | Anti-Israel hacktivist claims, Olympic ban for Israeli athletes, hacked documents from Israeli government agencies | T01 T02 T05 T07 T08 T09 T10 T16 T18 T20 T26 | -- | 📄 |
| Q3 2024 | FGI | Lebanon | Israel | Unknown -- links to Al Mayadeen (Lebanon) and LuaLua TV (UK) | Israeli dependence on US, Israelis leaving the country, food shortages in Israel, criticism of Israeli military strikes | T01 T05 T14 T21 T26 T29 | ~$9,000 | 📄 |
| Q4 2024 | FGI | Benin | France, United States | Digited Consulting (firm, Benin) | Criticism of Macron and NATO, support for Marine Le Pen, reduced Ukraine support; mimicked Harris campaign website | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T21 T25 T26 T27 T30 | ~$1,300 | 📄 |
| Q4 2024 | CIB | Ghana | Ghana | DigitSol (UAE marketing firm with Ghana office) | Support for former VP Bawumia (NPP), pro-government commentary ahead of December 2024 election | T01 T02 T14 T16 T20 T25 T27 T30 | ~$10,200 | 📄 |
| Q4 2024 | FGI | China | Tibetan diaspora in Nepal, India, Bhutan | Unknown (China-based) -- links to Q3 2023 network | Criticism of Dalai Lama, pro-Ogyen Trinley Dorje, Tibet-China normalization narratives | T01 T02 T05 T08 T16 T20 T22 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Q1 2025 | FGI | China | Myanmar, Taiwan, Japan | Unknown (China-based) -- links to Sep 2022 and Feb 2024 networks | Pro-Myanmar military junta; criticism of Japan's government and US military ties; Taiwan politician corruption claims | T01 T20 T21 T24 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Q1 2025 | FGI | Iran | Azerbaijan, Turkey (Azeri-speaking) | Unknown (Iran-based) -- STORM-2035 linked | Paris Olympics, Israel's 2024 pager attacks, boycott of American brands, criticism of US/Biden/Israel actions in Gaza | T01 T05 T14 T26 T29 | ~$70 | 📄 |
| Q1 2025 | CIB | Romania | Romania | Unknown (Romania-based) | Romanian elections, political commentary, news and current events | T01 T05 T14 T20 T25 | ~$177,000 | 📄 |
| Q3 2025 | FGI | Iran | United States, France, Israel, United Kingdom | International Union of Virtual Media (IUVM) -- Iran state-linked; 'Endless Mayfly' / Liberty Front Press lineage | Criticism of US policies in Middle East, pro-Palestine, anti-Israel, targeting 2024 US elections; typosquatted news domains | T01 T02 T06 T08 T11 T18 T20 T21 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Q3 2025 | FGI | Russia | Mali, Burkina Faso, Gabon, Nigeria, South Africa, Senegal, Angola, Benin | Unknown Russia-based actors -- local African freelancers as unwitting intermediaries | Anti-French/anti-Western partnership narratives, pro-Russia geopolitical interests, local media impersonation | T01 T08 T14 T18 T20 T21 T24 T26 T29 | ~$107,300 | 📄 |
| Q3 2025 | FGI | Russia | Sub-Saharan Africa | RT (Russian state media) -- Cameroon-based freelancer; brands Allô Afrique / Dernière Minute | Russia's stance on Ukraine and the West, RT-branded content, pro-Russia geopolitical narratives | T01 T20 T21 T24 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Q3 2025 | FGI | Russia | Moldova | Unknown -- individuals based in Russia | Pro-Moldova Mare party, criticism of PAS government, media impersonation, fictitious reporters | T01 T08 T14 T20 T24 T26 T29 | ~$24 | 📄 |
| Q3 2025 | FGI | Belarus / Russia | Poland | Unknown -- Belarus and Russia linked | Polish immigration policy, EU/Ukraine relations, impersonation of Civic Coalition, hack-and-leak amplification against Polish MEP | T01 T08 T13 T14 T22 T24 T26 T29 | ~$1,800 | 📄 |
| Q3 2025 | CIB | Poland | Poland | Unknown -- individual based in Poland | Criticism of Warsaw Mayor Trzaskowski and governing coalition, pro-PiS (Law and Justice Party) | T01 T02 T08 T11 T12 T18 T20 T21 T25 | -- | 📄 |
| Q3 2025 | CIB | India | India | Unknown (India-based) | AI-generated personas, pro-government content, AI-generated images and comments; broad AI use | T01 T08 T10 T11 T14 T16 T25 T29 | ~$3,600 | 📄 |
| Q3 2025 | CIB | Moldova (Gagauzia) | Moldova | Individuals associated with the Gagauz Executive Committee, Gagauzia, Moldova | Pro-Heart of Moldova party, grassroots impersonation, video interviews with local residents | T01 T08 T10 T14 T20 T24 T25 T29 T31 | ~$300 | 📄 |
| Q4 2025 | FGI | Iran | United States, Iraq | Unknown (Iran-based) | Criticism of US foreign policy in Middle East, pro-Palestinian narratives, criticism of Israel; sophisticated creator/amplifier persona structure | T01 T20 T26 T29 | -- | 📄 |
| Q4 2025 | CIB | Pakistan | Pakistan | Pakistan military's Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) | Pro-Pakistani central government, nationalist unity narratives; Balochi identity personas; AI-generated journalist videos | T01 T10 T14 T20 T21 T22 T25 T29 | ~$3,000 | 📄 |
| Q4 2025 | FGI | Russia | Sub-Saharan Africa (Angola, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa) | Unknown (Russia-based) -- shared with OpenAI | Anti-colonial grievances, anti-Western narratives, pro-Russia as economic/political alternative | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T21 T22 T24 T26 | ~$7,000 | 📄 |
| Q4 2025 | FGI | Russia | Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Africa, Middle East (~20 countries) | Ruposters (news aggregator, Moscow) | Expanding Russian influence, undermining geopolitical rivals, impersonation of UN and diplomatic entities, short-form video | T01 T02 T07 T08 T10 T14 T16 T20 T21 T26 T31 | ~$49,000 | 📄 |
| Q4 2025 | FGI | China | Taiwan | Unknown (China-based) -- Taiwan Gossip Net / New Generation Rebellion | Pro-Beijing narratives, criticism of Taiwan's ruling party, encouraging anonymous grievance submission to foster discord | T01 T02 T08 T14 T16 T20 T22 T26 T31 | ~$15,000 | 📄 |
| Q4 2025 | FGI | Iran | Azerbaijan | Unknown -- Azerbaijani individuals in Iran and Germany | Destabilizing Azerbaijan politically, promoting Iranian regional interests, undermining Western influence | T01 T14 T20 T26 T29 | ~$400 | 📄 |